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English Language
English Grammar

C2 Grammar

Fine aspectual and modal distinctions, information focus, ellipsis, ambiguity, register transformation, and editorial precision.

1. Fine Distinctions in Tense and Aspect

Aspect here is no longer about time. It is about how you present an event and what you want from the reader.

2. Modality, Evidentiality, and Authorial Stance

Every claim carries three things: how sure you are, how you know, and who is answerable for it.

3. Marked Word Order and Information Focus

Word order answers a question the reader never asked aloud. Change the order and you change the question.

4. Natural Ellipsis and Substitution

An omission is justified exactly as long as what is missing restores in one way only.

5. Grammatical Ambiguity

An ambiguous sentence breaks no rule at all. That is exactly why its author never notices it.

6. Editing Complex Sentences

Editing a complex sentence means clarifying its structure without inventing relations it never had.

7. Transforming Formal Text into Conversation

A conversational version does not simplify the content. It moves it into grammar built for a listener.

8. Transforming Conversation into Academic Prose

An academic version does not add weight. It adds precision where speech relied on context.

9. Concision, Precision, and Naturalness

The shortest version is rarely the best. The best is the one that costs the reader least effort.

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